Identification of non-optimal arcs for the travelling salesman problem

Conditions are presented for the identification of (directed) arcs for the traveling salesman problem, that can be eliminated with at least one optimal solution remaining. The conditions are not based on lower or upper bounds; the presence of an identified arc in a solution implies that the solution is not 3-optimal. An example illustrates how to use the conditions.     

Combined Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography device for tissue characterization

We report a dual-modal device capable of sequential acquisition of Raman spectroscopy (RS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) along a common optical axis. The device enhances application of both RS and OCT by precisely guiding RS acquisition with OCT images while also compensating for the lack of molecular specificity in OCT with the biochemical specificity of RS. We characterize the system performance and demonstrate the capability to identify structurally ambiguous features within an OCT image with RS in a scattering phantom, guide acquisition of RS from a localized malignancy in ex vivo breast tissue, and perform in vivo tissue analysis of a scab.     

Dynamics of species in a model with two predators and one prey

In this paper, we study a predator-prey model which has one prey and two predators with Beddington-DeAngelis functional responses. Firstly, we establish a set of sufficient conditions for the permanence and extinction of species. Secondly, the periodicity of positive solutions is studied. Thirdly, by using Liapunov functions and the continuation theorem in coincidence degree theory, we show the global asymptotic stability of such solutions. Finally, we give some numerical examples to illustrate the behavior of the model.     

The mixed and multi model line balancing problem: a comparison

The balancing problem deals with the assignment of tasks to work stations. We can distinguish two approaches in the literature on the mixed model line balancing problem, that both transform this problem into a single model line balancing problem. These approaches use combined precedence diagrams and adjusted task processing times, respectively.An experiment was carried out to compare several heuristics based on the combined precedence diagram. A new optimisation method has been developed. The results indicate that the position of common tasks in the precedence diagram of the different models has a significant effect on both the CPU time and the unequal distribution of the total work content of single models among work stations. Moreover, good solutions with respect to the number of required stations go together with long CPU times. For several instances, we decreased the CPU times considerably without deteriorating the performance of the methods, by using a reversed combined precedence diagram.     

A variational principle for fluid mechanics

Summary A variational principle for fluid mechanics is derived without calling for any additional postulates in any ad hoc way. In the principle derived here, the Lagrangian is essentially the sum of kinetic and heat energy transferred to the fluid, less the sum of its internal and potential energy, less the work done on its exterior (similar to the enthalpy concept), rather than the difference between only kinetic energy and internal energy, as obtained previously by Seliger and Whitham [1] for a more restricted mode of variation.     

纳米级碱土金属钒酸盐发光材料[A3(VO4)2:Eu]发光性质的研究

采用Pechini型溶胶-凝胶法制备出系列纳米级铕掺杂的碱土金属钒酸盐.并采用电镜,红外光谱,室温荧光光谱对粉体的性质进行表征.结果表明所制备的粉体的粒径在20～50 nm之间,并且这些发光粉的性质与碱土金属离子的半径密切相关;由于Ca2 离子的半径与Eu3 的最接近,因而Eu3 更容易进入其晶格,表现出好的发光性质.     

Scaling behavior of delayed demixing, rheology, and microstructure of emulsions flocculated by depletion and bridging

This paper describes an experimental comparison of microstructure, rheology, and demixing of bridging- and depletion-flocculated oil-in-water emulsions. Confocal scanning laser microscopy imaging showed that bridging-flocculated emulsions were heterogeneous over larger length scales than depletion-flocculated emulsions. As a consequence, G' as determined from diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) corresponded well with G' as measured macroscopically for the depletion-flocculated emulsions, but this correspondence was not found for the bridging-flocculated emulsions. The heterogeneity of bridging-flocculated emulsions was confirmed by DWS-echo measurements, indicating that their structure breaks up into large fragments upon oscillatory shear deformation larger than 1%. Depletion- and bridging-flocculated emulsions showed a different scaling of the storage modulus with the volume fraction of oil and a difference in percolation threshold volume fraction. These differences will be discussed on the basis of the two types of droplet-droplet interactions studied. Gravity-induced demixing occurred in both emulsions, but the demixing processes differed. After preparation of bridging-flocculated emulsions, serum immediately starts to separate, whereas depletion-flocculated systems at polysaccharide concentrations in the overlap regime usually showed a delay time before demixing. The delay time was found to scale with the network permeability, B; the viscosity, eta, of the aqueous phase; and the density difference between oil and water, Deltarho, as tdelay approximately B(-1)etaDeltarho(-1). The results are in line with the mechanism proposed by Starrs et al. (J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2002, 14, 2485-2505), where erosion of the droplet network leads to widening of the channels within the droplet networks, facilitating drainage of liquid.     

嗜碱芽孢杆菌NTT89启动子的克隆及其表达

报导了以启动子探测质粒pKK232-8为载体克隆嗜碱芽孢杆菌NTT89启动子的研究.用限制性内切酶Hindl分别消化嗜碱芽孢杆菌NTT89染色体DNA和质粒pKK232-8,在体外重组,转化大肠杆菌DH5a感受态细胞,在含氨苄青霉素和氯霉素的选择性平板上筛选转化子,结果从NTT89染色体DNA中克隆到一系列带有启动子活性的DNA片段,并在大肠杆菌中得到表达,这些转化子抗氯霉素水平在34～500mg/L不等,随机挑选10个转化子,提取其重组质粒进行限制性酶切,表明转化子中的重组质粒外源片段插入的效率很高,插入片段大小在500～5500bp之间,通过地高辛标记的点杂交和Southern杂交均证明重组质粒上插入的具启动子功能的DNA片段来自于嗜碱芽孢杆菌的染色体DNA.